Colibacilosis en gallinas reproductoras

Colibacillosis in breeding hens

Contenido principal del artículo

María del Pilar Díaz
Gustavo Gratiniano González Paya

Resumen

La colibacilosis en gallinas reproductoras se da por la bacteria Gram negativa, enterobacteria Escherichia coli patogénica aviar (APEC), la cual presenta un porcentaje alto de polimorfismos y plasticidad en su genes, las investigaciones reportan hallazgos macroscópicos comunes: salpingitis, peritonitis y poliserositis, que conlleva a la muerte del ave, se definen tres rutas de contaminación, de forma ascendente por la cloaca del ave, ingreso por vía respiratoria o por translocación bacteriana desde el intestino; el diagnóstico de la colibacilosis se realiza a partir del historial del galpón, realizando necropsias y tomando muestras a partir de hisopos o tejido de órganos como oviducto, pulmón, corazón u otros órganos afectados, que se llevan a medios como McConkey, eosina-metileno azul o agar drigalki para su aislamiento, como pruebas específicas para Esceherichia coli se conocen métodos basados en fenotipos como serotipo de O/H inmunológico, tipificación de bacteriófago, electroforesis con enzimas multilocus, desorción/ionización láser asistida por matriz (MALDI-TOF) y métodos basados en genotipos como polimorfismo de longitud de restricción (RFLP), ensayo de suspensión basado en liminex, polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos amplificados (AFLP) y mapeo óptico. Las vacunas para esta bacteria no se han desarrollado a la perfección ya que presenta respuesta inmune ante sus homólogos, pero nada de resistencia a desafíos con heterólogos, sigue en investigación el desarrollo de vacunas que puedan presentar respuesta ante varios serotipos de la bacteria, por ahora la forma eficaz de controlar la bacteria es a partir de protocolos de bioseguridad y prevención para la mantener la sanidad de la granja.

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Referencias

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