Colibacilosis en gallinas reproductoras
Colibacillosis in breeding hens
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La colibacilosis en gallinas reproductoras se da por la bacteria Gram negativa, enterobacteria Escherichia coli patogénica aviar (APEC), la cual presenta un porcentaje alto de polimorfismos y plasticidad en su genes, las investigaciones reportan hallazgos macroscópicos comunes: salpingitis, peritonitis y poliserositis, que conlleva a la muerte del ave, se definen tres rutas de contaminación, de forma ascendente por la cloaca del ave, ingreso por vía respiratoria o por translocación bacteriana desde el intestino; el diagnóstico de la colibacilosis se realiza a partir del historial del galpón, realizando necropsias y tomando muestras a partir de hisopos o tejido de órganos como oviducto, pulmón, corazón u otros órganos afectados, que se llevan a medios como McConkey, eosina-metileno azul o agar drigalki para su aislamiento, como pruebas específicas para Esceherichia coli se conocen métodos basados en fenotipos como serotipo de O/H inmunológico, tipificación de bacteriófago, electroforesis con enzimas multilocus, desorción/ionización láser asistida por matriz (MALDI-TOF) y métodos basados en genotipos como polimorfismo de longitud de restricción (RFLP), ensayo de suspensión basado en liminex, polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos amplificados (AFLP) y mapeo óptico. Las vacunas para esta bacteria no se han desarrollado a la perfección ya que presenta respuesta inmune ante sus homólogos, pero nada de resistencia a desafíos con heterólogos, sigue en investigación el desarrollo de vacunas que puedan presentar respuesta ante varios serotipos de la bacteria, por ahora la forma eficaz de controlar la bacteria es a partir de protocolos de bioseguridad y prevención para la mantener la sanidad de la granja.
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