Silvopastoral systems, arrangements and uses Sistemas silvopastoriles, arreglos y usos

Abstract

Livestock production systems both meat and dual purpose, based on cattle, have been questioned from the environmental point of view, as they are associated with ecosystem degradation caused by deforestation for pasture establishment. The indiscriminate exploitation of forests is also a product of rapid population growth, the marketing of high-value timber trade, the establishment of clean crops and the need to get firewood. It is therefore a clear need to develop environmentally sustainable technologies and economically competitive, to prevent the rapid pace of the tomb of forests and seek to diminish the vast areas of degraded pastures that have been identified in the region. By the other site The Colombian Orinoco region constitutes an excellent means of integrating trees in agroforestry and silvopastoral systems where this component contributes to the systems of agricultural and livestock production. Use of multipurpose trees in each region, integrated with pasture and animal production systems, aims to improve the level of food and animal production, rational use of resources and improve the economic and environmental performance of livestock. Also, lets break the seasonality of production where the amount of biomass available for consumption is low. The introduction of trees for different purposes, partly in response to the problems of deforestation and ecosystem degradation and is projected as a valid alternative to intensify production and sustainability of traditional systems. Also, the presence of trees favors production systems in areas such as nutrient cycling, increased species diversity and provides physical protection to the floor of the effects of sun, wind and heavy rain. In animals offers shade, reducing heat stress and direct radiation, forage availability in quantity and quality. Also reduce evapotranspiration, wind speed and impact of raindrops. Additionally, the introduction of trees can be oriented to a reforestation or forestation of degraded areas and biological corridors formation that ultimately results in less pressure on primary forests. This will reduce the degradation of soil resources, water and biodiversity.