Comparación de las emisiones de CO2 y la eficiencia potencial entre el biodiesel y el diésel renovable
Comparison of CO2 emissions and potential efficiency between biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels
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El uso de biocombustibles renovables tiene importantes ventajas, como el aumento de la eficiencia energética, la diversificación de la matriz energética de los países y la reducción de los gases de efecto invernadero, entre otras. Los combustibles fósiles, además, están comenzando un paulatino agotamiento. Los biocombustibles, como el biodiésel y el diésel renovable (también llamado diésel verde o aceite vegetal hidro tratado), se han convertido en importantes campos de investigación, ya que pueden mitigar los perjuicios medioambientales sin afectar a la calidad del transporte. Tanto el biodiésel como el diésel renovable proceden de la misma biomasa, que puede variar entre aceite vegetal, grasas animales, aceite de microalgas y aceite de cocina usado. Cada combustible se produce mediante un proceso diferente (transesterificación en el caso del biodiésel e hidrotratamiento en el del diésel renovable). Por esta razón, cada uno de ellos tiene propiedades químicas y físicas diferentes que determinan su rendimiento, incluyendo su eficiencia y las emisiones de CO2. Esta revisión analiza las materias primas de biomasa utilizadas y realiza una comparación entre los procesos de transformación, la eficiencia y las emisiones potenciales de CO2. Por último, establece las ventajas e inconvenientes del uso de biodiésel y diésel renovable.
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