Factores determinantes en el dolor de hombro en mujeres amas de casa
Determining Factors in Shoulder Pain in Housewives
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Introducción: las tareas domésticas han sido atribuidas a la mujer desde su rol como ama de casa, lo cual genera sobrecarga física y mental y afecta su bienestar, y se manifiesta por dolor en estructuras muy sensibles como la articulación glenohumeral. Objetivo: describir los principales factores asociados al dolor en el hombro en mujeres amas de casa. Materiales y métodos: estudio exploratorio de dos fases: 1) revisión integrativa de literatura científica través de la metodología de Whittemore y Knafl, y 2) diseño y aplicación de una encuesta con variables derivadas de la revisión en donde participaron 521 mujeres, cuyo análisis se realizó con estadística descriptiva y correlacional. Resultados: 24 artículos fueron revisados logrando extraer tres temas asociados al desarrollo de dolor en el hombro: características sociodemográficas, características de las tareas domésticas y percepción de carga de las tareas domésticas. En el componente descriptivo se evidenciaron asociaciones significativas entre el dolor y la duración y frecuencia de las tareas domésticas (R≥0,658 sig. 0,000). Conclusión: diversos estudios concuerdan en que factores como la frecuencia y la duración de las tareas domésticas son directamente proporcionales al dolor como signo presuntivo de lesiones en el hombro, además de su situación económica y el número de personas con las que convive. Los resultados sugieren que aspectos como el trabajo colaborativo, el autocuidado y la planeación eficiente de las tareas domésticas son focos de intervención para favorecer el bienestar de la mujer.
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